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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Determining the Ice-binding Planes of Antifreeze Proteins by Fluorescence-based Ice Plane Affinity
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Cubic ice Ic without stacking defects obtained from ice XVII.

Leonardo Del Rosso1, Milva Celli2, Francesco Grazzi2

  • 1Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara', Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. l.delrosso@ifac.cnr.it.

Nature Materials
|February 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a method to create pure cubic ice Ic. This ice is formed by heating D2O ice XVII, aiding the understanding of ice polymorphism and natural ice forms.

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An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Earth's natural ice forms include hexagonal and cubic phases.
  • Previously identified 'cubic ice' samples were stacking-disordered forms of ice I (ice Isd).
  • Ice Isd contains both hexagonal and cubic stacking sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for producing high-purity cubic ice Ic in large quantities.
  • To confirm the structural purity of the synthesized cubic ice Ic.
  • To advance the understanding of ice I polymorphism.

Main Methods:

  • Heating a powder of D2O ice XVII, derived from annealed pristine C0 hydrate samples under dynamic vacuum.
  • Utilizing neutron diffraction experiments on two distinct instruments.
  • Employing Raman spectroscopy for structural analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of cubic ice Ic with high structural purity.
  • Confirmation of the ice's cubic structure through neutron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.
  • Demonstration of a viable method for obtaining pure cubic ice Ic.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a novel method for obtaining structurally pure cubic ice Ic.
  • Findings enhance the comprehension of ice I polymorphism.
  • This research clarifies the nature of cubic ice and its presence in natural ice forms.