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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a...

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Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer

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mTOR in Lung Neoplasms.

Ildiko Krencz¹, Anna Sebestyen¹, Andras Khoor²

¹1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Pathology Oncology Research : POR

|February 5, 2020

Summary

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is crucial for cell growth and metabolism, but its hyperactivation drives cancer. Genetic alterations in mTOR signaling are common in lung cancer, offering therapeutic targets.

Keywords:

Lung neoplasms mTOR inhibitors mTOR signaling mTORC1 mTORC2

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Cell Signaling

Background:

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a critical regulator of cellular homeostasis, integrating environmental cues to control cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism.
Dysregulation, particularly hyperactivation, of the mTOR pathway is a common hallmark of human cancers.
Genetic alterations in key mTOR pathway components (e.g., PIK3CA, PTEN, STK11, RICTOR) are frequently identified as drivers of mTOR hyperactivation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of mTOR signaling in cancer, focusing on its genetic alterations and therapeutic implications.
To highlight the prevalence of mTOR pathway genetic alterations in lung neoplasms.
To discuss the potential of mTOR pathway inhibitors in personalized cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on mTOR signaling, its role in cancer, and therapeutic strategies.
Analysis of genetic profiling data identifying common mutations and amplifications in mTOR pathway genes.
Examination of clinical trial outcomes for mTOR inhibitors.

Main Results:

mTOR hyperactivation, driven by genetic alterations in genes like PIK3CA, PTEN, STK11, and RICTOR, is prevalent in human tumors.
These genetic alterations are frequently observed in lung neoplasms, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets.
mTOR inhibitor monotherapy has shown limited clinical success, but combination therapies show promise.

Conclusions:

Targeting the mTOR pathway holds potential for personalized therapy in lung cancer.
Rational drug combinations targeting the mTOR pathway are crucial for improving efficacy and overcoming resistance.
Further understanding of mTOR signaling is essential for successful clinical translation of mTOR pathway inhibitors.