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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Allergen immunotherapy and asthma.

Maria Angela Tosca1, Roberta Olcese1, Amelia Licari2

  • 1Allergy Center, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
|February 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) offers a unique, long-lasting treatment for IgE-mediated allergies, improving asthma control and quality of life. Guidelines now recommend sublingual immunotherapy for house dust mite allergy in adolescents and adults.

Keywords:
allergen immunotherapyallergic asthmasubcutaneous immunotherapysublingual immunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy and Clinical Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment for IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
  • AIT demonstrates long-lasting clinical benefits in allergic asthma, including symptom reduction and improved quality of life.
  • Current asthma guidelines endorse sublingual immunotherapy for house dust mite allergy in adults and adolescents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the clinical indications of AIT, focusing on pediatric asthma.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying clinical and immunological tolerance to allergens during AIT.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for predicting patient response to AIT.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on allergen immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data and immunological studies.
  • Discussion of guideline recommendations and biomarker research.

Main Results:

  • AIT provides sustained improvement in allergic asthma symptoms and reduces medication needs.
  • Sublingual immunotherapy is increasingly recommended as an add-on therapy for specific allergic conditions.
  • Understanding tolerance mechanisms and identifying biomarkers are crucial for optimizing AIT efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Allergen immunotherapy is a valuable therapeutic strategy for allergic diseases, particularly asthma.
  • Further research into mechanisms and biomarkers will enhance personalized AIT approaches.
  • AIT holds significant promise for managing allergic conditions in both pediatric and adult populations.