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Published on: August 25, 2017
Early-life origin and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Laura Moschino1, Silvia Carraro1,2, Eugenio Baraldi1,2
1Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Insights
Chronic respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD begin before birth. Identifying early risk factors and biomarkers is crucial for personalized therapies to prevent these conditions.
Area of Science:
- Respiratory Medicine
- Pediatrics
- Genetics
Background:
- Chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma and COPD, originate in prenatal and early-life stages.
- Genetic predisposition, maternal smoking, prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) significantly influence later respiratory health.
- Viral infections (RSV, rhinovirus) and early allergic sensitization are key factors in developing wheezing and early-onset asthma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the prenatal origins of chronic respiratory disorders.
- To emphasize the need for early identification of high-risk individuals.
- To explore the potential of novel diagnostic approaches for personalized respiratory medicine.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on prenatal and early-life risk factors for respiratory diseases.
- Discussion of the role of viral infections and allergic sensitization.
- Exploration of emerging diagnostic technologies, including omics and inflammometry.
Main Results:
- Prenatal and early-life factors are critical determinants of chronic respiratory health.
- Early-life viral responses and allergic sensitization strongly predict asthma development.
- Omics technologies and non-invasive inflammometry show promise for biomarker discovery.
Conclusions:
- Chronic obstructive respiratory disorders have deep roots in early development.
- Identifying specific risk profiles through advanced biomarkers is essential for targeted, personalized therapies.
- Early detection and intervention strategies are key to managing and preventing these conditions.
Abstract:
Chronic obstructive respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have their roots in the womb. Together with a genetic predisposition, prenatal and early-life factors, including maternal smoking, prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), have a pivotal role in later respiratory health. Then, inappropriate responses to respiratory viruses (especially respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus) and early allergic sensitization are the strongest contributors to the inception of wheezing and early-onset asthma. There is an urgent need for early disease biomarkers to identify profiles at higher risk of chronic respiratory conditions. Applying the "-omic" technologies to urine, blood and breath condensate, and non-invasive inflammometry seem promising in this regard. The description of specific risk profiles may be the key to the use of targeted personalized therapies.
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