Mobile clinics in humanitarian emergencies: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Humanitarian Health
• Health Services Research

Background:

• Mobile clinics are widely used in humanitarian emergencies, yet empirical evidence supporting their effectiveness is scarce.
• This narrative systematic review evaluates the existing empirical evidence on the use of mobile clinics in humanitarian settings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and synthesize empirical evidence on the evaluation of mobile clinics in humanitarian settings.
• To identify gaps in the evidence base and provide recommendations for future research and practice.

Main Methods:

• A narrative systematic review was conducted, searching multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, etc.) and grey literature from 2000-2019.
• Empirical studies evaluating mobile clinics based on criteria such as relevance, coverage, efficiency, and effectiveness were included.
• Quality assessment of included studies was performed.

Main Results:

• Five studies met the inclusion criteria, all supporting the use of mobile clinics in their respective settings.
• Studies covered non-communicable diseases, mental health, sexual and reproductive health, and primary healthcare in various humanitarian contexts.
• Recommendations included complementing clinic-based services, improving technological tools, avoiding stigmatizing labels, strengthening referrals, partnering with local providers, and ensuring coordination.

Conclusions:

• The empirical evidence base for mobile clinics in humanitarian emergencies is limited.
• Further research, including comparative studies and evaluations against established frameworks, is strongly encouraged.
• Integration of WASH, nutrition, epidemic surveillance, and quality/safety systems is recommended for mobile clinic services.