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Structure, function, and biosynthesis of nickel-dependent enzymes.

Marila Alfano1, Christine Cavazza1

  • 1University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, Grenoble, France.

Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society
|February 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Nickel enzymes are vital for metabolism across many organisms. This review details their structures, functions, and the complex processes for nickel cofactor biosynthesis and activation.

Keywords:
enzyme maturationmetalloclustermetalloenzymesnickel active siteredox enzymes

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Metalloprotein Chemistry

Background:

  • Nickel enzymes are crucial metalloenzymes found in diverse organisms, including archaea, bacteria, plants, and eukaryotes.
  • They are involved in essential metabolic processes like energy metabolism and virulence.
  • These enzymes exhibit a wide range of active site complexities, from mononuclear nickel to intricate metalloclusters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of nickel enzymes.
  • To discuss the phylogenetic distribution, structural diversity, and functional roles of nickel-containing enzymes.
  • To highlight recent advancements in understanding nickel active site biosynthesis and activation pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on phylogenetic distribution.
  • Analysis of tridimensional structures and active site complexities.
  • Discussion of recent findings on biosynthesis and nickel activation.

Main Results:

  • Nickel enzymes are phylogenetically widespread and functionally diverse, catalyzing redox and nonredox reactions.
  • Active sites vary significantly in complexity, involving mononuclear, dinuclear, and complex metallocluster arrangements.
  • Efficient nickel homeostasis and sophisticated maturation pathways are essential for nickel enzyme function.

Conclusions:

  • Nickel enzymes play indispensable roles in cellular metabolism and require precise regulation of nickel ions.
  • The biosynthesis and activation of nickel cofactors are complex, multi-step processes vital for enzyme functionality.
  • Further research into these pathways will illuminate fundamental biological processes and potential biotechnological applications.