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Related Concept Videos

Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

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Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
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Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
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What are Membranes?01:54

What are Membranes?

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A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and...
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What are Membranes?01:24

What are Membranes?

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A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...
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Two-Dimensional Membranes: New Paradigms for High-Performance Separation Membranes.

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Chemistry, an Asian Journal
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Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) membranes offer high separation performance for liquid and gas applications. This review covers fabrication, materials, structures, and transport properties of these advanced 2D membranes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials are utilized as building blocks for ultrathin membranes.
  • These membranes offer high separation permeance and selectivity due to atomic thickness and nanopores.
  • Significant progress has been made in developing 2D membranes for efficient separations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advancements in 2D membranes.
  • To focus on industrially relevant separation processes.
  • To discuss fabrication, materials, structures, and transport properties of 2D membranes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on 2D membrane technology.
  • Analysis of fabrication methods for laminar 2D membranes.
  • Examination of material choices and structural designs for 2D membranes.

Main Results:

  • 2D membranes demonstrate exceptional permeance and selectivity.
  • Various fabrication methods enable the creation of high-performance 2D membranes.
  • Unique transport properties are observed in these atomically thin membranes.

Conclusions:

  • 2D membranes show great potential for efficient liquid and gas separations.
  • Further research into fabrication, materials, and structure is ongoing.
  • Commercialization opportunities and challenges for 2D membranes are being explored.