Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in skeletal muscle: Experts' consensus recommendations

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Metabolic Research
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

• ¹ H-MR spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful noninvasive tool for assessing skeletal muscle metabolism.
• Existing MRS methods often require specialized adaptations for the unique environment of skeletal muscle.
• Understanding muscle metabolism is crucial for diagnosing and managing various metabolic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide practical recommendations for applying ¹ H-MRS to skeletal muscle.
• To guide researchers with basic MRS experience toward specialized skeletal muscle applications.
• To detail methods for acquiring specific metabolites and optimizing experimental protocols.

Main Methods:

• ¹ H-MRS data acquisition tailored for skeletal muscle.
• Consideration of muscle structure and orientation effects on spectral features.
• Specific protocols for quantifying intramyocellular lipids, carnosine, and acetylcarnitine.
• Recommendations for experimental preconditioning and volunteer instructions.

Main Results:

• ¹ H-MRS spectral features in skeletal muscle are influenced by tissue organization and orientation.
• Successful acquisition of spectra for key metabolites (intramyocellular lipids, carnosine, acetylcarnitine) is demonstrated.
• Standardized protocols enhance the reliability and reproducibility of skeletal muscle ¹ H-MRS studies.

Conclusions:

• ¹ H-MRS is a valuable noninvasive technique for studying skeletal muscle metabolism.
• Specialized approaches are necessary to overcome challenges posed by muscle structure.
• This guide facilitates the application of ¹ H-MRS in skeletal muscle research, aiding in the understanding of metabolic processes.