Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

1.7K
Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
1.7K
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

7.1K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
7.1K
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

3.9K
Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
3.9K
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

3.8K
Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
3.8K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

14.4K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
14.4K
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

6.8K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
6.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prognostic value of measurable residual disease in high-risk MDS after intensive chemotherapy in HOVON-SAKK studies.

HemaSphere·2026
Same author

Updated consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with HCL and HCL variant.

Blood·2026
Same author

<i>TWIST2</i> high expression defines a novel subtype of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

HemaSphere·2026
Same author

Venetoclax combinations in untreated CLL: 5-year results and patient-reported outcomes analysis of the CLL13/GAIA trial.

Blood·2026
Same author

Future-proofing medicine for a world of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges·2026
Same author

Censoring imbalances in randomized first-line trials of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Leukemia & lymphoma·2026
Same journal

Sub1 contributes to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction driven by aging in mice.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The BRCA1-A complex restricts replication fork reversal-dependent DNA repair in ATM deficient cells.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Signaling downstream of tumor-stroma interaction regulates mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma apicobasal polarity.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Click-polymerized polyenamine membranes for efficient lithium extraction.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Joint trajectories of brain atrophy, white matter hyperintensities and cognition quantify brain maintenance.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Proton shuttling at electrochemical interfaces under alkaline hydrogen evolution.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
15:07

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma

Published on: December 28, 2015

27.2K

Clonal competition within complex evolutionary hierarchies shapes AML over time.

Carl Sandén1, Henrik Lilljebjörn2, Christina Orsmark Pietras2

  • 1Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. carl.sanden@med.lu.se.

Nature Communications
|February 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) evolution involves dynamic clonal changes over time. These clonal dynamics impact disease progression and reveal multiple clones present at diagnosis, influencing prognosis.

More Related Videos

Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood
07:58

Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood

Published on: July 11, 2019

7.7K
Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up
09:01

Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up

Published on: March 26, 2018

14.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 29, 2025

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
15:07

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma

Published on: December 28, 2015

27.2K
Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood
07:58

Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood

Published on: July 11, 2019

7.7K
Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up
09:01

Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up

Published on: March 26, 2018

14.5K

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Clonal heterogeneity and evolution are critical factors in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression and relapse.
  • Understanding clonal dynamics is essential for predicting disease outcomes and developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and characterize in vivo clonal dynamics in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • To investigate the relationship between clonal expansion and patient prognosis.
  • To identify the presence and evolution of rare subclones in AML.

Main Methods:

  • Serial transplantation of 23 AML patient samples into immunodeficient mice.
  • Whole-exome sequencing of 84 xenografts across two generations over 15 months.
  • Analysis of clonal composition and identification of distinct clonal dynamics patterns.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated significant temporal changes in clonality, including progression and reversal.
  • Defined five patterns of clonal dynamics: Monoclonal, Stable, Loss, Expansion, and Burst.
  • Showed that in vivo subclonal expansion correlates with a more adverse prognosis.
  • Detected rare AML driver clones undetectable at diagnosis, indicating multi-clonal nature of AML at onset.
  • Deconstructed complex clonal evolutionary hierarchies through the observation of clone rise and fall.

Conclusions:

  • AML exhibits complex and dynamic clonal evolution in vivo, with distinct patterns influencing disease progression.
  • In vivo clonal expansion is a marker of adverse prognosis and aids in detecting rare, clinically significant subclones.
  • AML is largely multi-clonal at diagnosis, with intricate evolutionary hierarchies shaping disease trajectory over time.