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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
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Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

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Lower limb joint repair and replacement: an overview.

Rocco Aicale1,2, Nicola Maffulli1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.

F1000Research
|February 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review covers recent advancements in lower limb joint replacement surgery, focusing on best practices for cemented and uncemented implants, surgical techniques, and anticoagulation. It highlights key evidence for modern orthopedic procedures.

Keywords:
Joint ArthroplastyTotal Ankle ArthroplastyTotal Knee ArthroplastyTotal hip Arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Total joint arthroplasty is a common orthopedic procedure with ongoing advancements.
  • Best practices evolve with new research and clinical evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest evidence in lower limb arthroplasty.
  • To highlight best practices in joint replacement surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed and Scopus databases.
  • Time limit of five years for evidence selection.
  • Focus on lower limb joint replacement.

Main Results:

  • Novel evidence identified for cemented and uncemented implants.
  • Updated insights on implant design and anticoagulant use.
  • Review of tourniquet use and other surgical aspects.

Conclusions:

  • The field of lower limb arthroplasty is dynamic, with continuous updates to best practices.
  • Evidence supports informed decisions in implant choice, design, and perioperative management.