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Pathophysiology of Vomiting

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Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

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Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

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Gastric Emphysema Induced by Severe Vomiting.

Amal Ghneim¹, Sreenath Meegada¹

¹Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center/Christus Good Shepherd Medical Center, Longview, USA.

|February 7, 2020

Summary

Gastric emphysema, air in the stomach wall, is a rare condition. This case study shows a patient successfully treated with conservative methods for this unusual finding.

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Radiology

Background:

Gastric emphysema is a rare condition characterized by air in the stomach wall.
It can result from mucosal disruption due to vomiting, instrumentation, ischemia, or mediastinal air dissection.

Observation:

A 70-year-old woman presented with a three-day history of nausea and vomiting.
Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed gastric emphysema.

Findings:

The patient's gastric emphysema was diagnosed via CT scan.
She responded favorably to conservative and supportive treatment.

Implications:

Conservative management appears effective for gastric emphysema.
This case highlights the importance of recognizing gastric emphysema on CT imaging and managing it conservatively.

Keywords:

air emphysema intractable vomiting stomach

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