Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis01:24

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis

923
Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2  and...
923
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

647
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
647
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

688
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
688
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

1.7K
The human body maintains a precise pH range of arterial blood between 7.35 and 7.45. Deviations result in either acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These conditions are further classified as respiratory or metabolic disorders based on their underlying cause.
Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis occurs due to an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide PCO2 in the blood. It often arises from shallow breathing or impaired gas exchange caused by...
1.7K
Antiasthma Drugs: &#946;2-Adrenoceptor Agonists01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists

1.5K
Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
One class of bronchodilators includes β2-adrenoceptor agonists. These agents target the β2-adrenoceptors located on bronchial smooth muscle cells. By stimulating these receptors, β2-agonists induce...
1.5K
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

900
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
900

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predictors of No-Show in Neurology Clinics.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

Industry payments to hospitalist physicians: a 5-year analysis of the Open Payments programme from 2014 to 2018.

Internal medicine journal·2020
Same author

Recurrent Cholangiocarcinoma Presenting as Sister Mary Joseph Nodule After Liver Transplantation.

Cureus·2020
Same author

Incidence of Thrombotic Events and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units.

Cureus·2020
Same author

A Five-Year Analysis of Industry Payments to Sleep Neurologists From 2014 Through 2018.

Cureus·2020
Same author

Locked-In with COVID-19.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury
09:16

Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

Published on: February 26, 2017

10.1K

Albuterol-Induced Type B Lactic Acidosis: Not an Uncommon Finding.

Sreenath Meegada1, Vijayadershan Muppidi2, Suman Siddamreddy3

  • 1Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center/Christus Good Shepherd Medical Center, Longview, USA.

Cureus
|June 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lactic acidosis (LA) is a medical emergency. This case highlights albuterol-induced type B LA, emphasizing prompt diagnosis and treatment for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
albuterollactic acidosistype b lactic acidosis

More Related Videos

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation
07:40

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

9.3K
Inducing Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Direct Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Instillation
11:07

Inducing Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Direct Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Instillation

Published on: July 6, 2019

26.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury
09:16

Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

Published on: February 26, 2017

10.1K
A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation
07:40

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

9.3K
Inducing Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Direct Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Instillation
11:07

Inducing Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Direct Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Instillation

Published on: July 6, 2019

26.3K

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Clinical Pathology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Lactic acidosis (LA) is a critical condition often seen in emergency rooms and hospitals.
  • LA is categorized into Type A (hypoxia/hypoperfusion) and Type B (metabolic derangement).
  • Type A LA is more common, but Type B LA is increasingly recognized with advanced diagnostics.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with symptoms requiring evaluation for lactic acidosis.
  • The patient had received albuterol treatments.
  • Laboratory results indicated Type B lactic acidosis.

Findings:

  • The patient's lactic acidosis was directly linked to albuterol administration.
  • Discontinuation of albuterol treatments led to the resolution of lactic acidosis.
  • This case illustrates an iatrogenic cause of Type B lactic acidosis.

Implications:

  • Accurate differentiation between Type A and Type B LA is vital for appropriate management.
  • Clinicians should consider medication side effects, such as albuterol, as potential causes of Type B LA.
  • Prompt identification and removal of the offending agent can effectively treat albuterol-induced LA.