Gastrointestinal microbiomes of broilers and layer hens in alternative production systems

Area of Science:

• Animal Science
• Microbiology
• Food Safety

Background:

• Consumer demand for poultry from alternative systems (free-range, pasture) is rising.
• These systems present unique challenges for bird health and well-being, including pathogen exposure.
• Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbial composition can vary based on diet, breed, and age in alternative poultry.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of GIT microbiota in free-range and pasture-raised poultry.
• To discuss factors influencing GIT microbial populations in these systems.
• To explore applications and future research directions for alternative poultry production.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on alternative poultry production systems.
• Focus on research characterizing GIT microbiomes using next-generation sequencing.
• Analysis of factors impacting microbial diversity and function.

Main Results:

• Dietary variety and foraging behavior are key factors influencing bird nutrition and GIT microbiota.
• Next-generation sequencing is crucial for identifying microbial members and assessing diversity.
• Understanding GIT microbiota is essential for managing bird health and food safety in alternative systems.

Conclusions:

• The GIT microbiome plays a significant role in the health and productivity of pasture-raised poultry.
• Further research is needed to fully understand and leverage GIT microbiota for improved alternative poultry production.
• Characterizing these microbiomes can enhance food safety and product quality from alternative systems.