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Continual evolution through coupled fast and slow feedbacks.

Meike T Wortel1,2,3, Han Peters4, Juan A Bonachela5

  • 1Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; n.c.stenseth@ibv.uio.no m.t.wortel@uva.nl.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Continual evolution, where traits constantly change, can occur even with a single species. This happens when fast positive and slow negative feedback loops interact within ecological timescales faster than mutation.

Keywords:
Red Queenecoevolutionary dynamicsevolutionary modelingfast–slow feedbacks

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Theoretical Ecology
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Continual evolution describes unceasing evolutionary change in traits within populations.
  • The Red Queen Hypothesis exemplifies continual evolution through interspecies coevolution.
  • Identifying general conditions for continual evolution versus stasis remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the minimal conditions necessary for the emergence of continual evolution.
  • To develop a general theoretical framework applicable to diverse evolutionary systems.
  • To investigate conditions leading to continual evolution in both monomorphic and polymorphic populations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical framework without assuming specific functional forms for evolutionary dynamics.
  • Analyzed the interplay of feedback loops (positive and negative) between environment, population, and traits.
  • Considered timescales of ecological interactions, mutation, and negative feedback.

Main Results:

  • Continual evolution can emerge from a single evolving trait under specific feedback conditions.
  • A fast positive feedback combined with a slow negative feedback drives continual evolution.
  • This occurs when the ecological timescale significantly outpaces mutation and negative feedback timescales.

Conclusions:

  • The study identifies a minimal set of conditions for widespread continual evolution.
  • The findings highlight the critical role of feedback dynamics and timescale separation.
  • Contributes to understanding evolutionary dynamics driven by biotic interactions.