Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Forgetting01:21

Forgetting

303
Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...
303
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

368
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
368
Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

358
Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
358
Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

370
Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
370
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

414
Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
414
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

378
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
378

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Directed forgetting of pictures of everyday objects.

Journal of vision·2022
Same author

Tracking induced forgetting across both strong and weak memory representations to test competing theories of forgetting.

Scientific reports·2021
Same author

Two case studies of very long-term retention.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2021
Same author

Induced forgetting of pictures across shifts in context.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2021
Same author

Induced Forgetting Is the Result of True Forgetting, Not Shifts in Decision-making Thresholds.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2021
Same author

What do laboratory-forgetting paradigms tell us about use-inspired forgetting?

Cognitive research: principles and implications·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

10.1K

Recognition-induced forgetting is caused by episodic, not semantic, memory retrieval tasks.

Ashleigh M Maxcey1, Molly McCann2, Samantha Stallkamp3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Wilson Hall, 111 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA. ammaxcey@gmail.com.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|February 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Episodic memory tasks, but not semantic memory tasks, cause recognition-induced forgetting. This finding clarifies the memory processes underlying this forgetting effect, crucial for cognitive models.

Keywords:
Episodic memoryForgettingLong-term memoryRecognition-induced forgettingRetrieval-induced forgettingSemantic memoryVisual long-term memory

More Related Videos

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

39.5K
Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

14.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

10.1K
The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

39.5K
Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

14.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Recognition-induced forgetting is a memory phenomenon where accessing information leads to forgetting within the same category.
  • This effect has potential applications in studying memory in diverse populations (children, animals) and with various stimuli.
  • A key unanswered question is whether this forgetting effect is specific to episodic memory or also occurs with semantic memory tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether episodic memory tasks or semantic memory tasks are responsible for recognition-induced forgetting.
  • To differentiate the memory systems engaged by different task types within the context of recognition-induced forgetting.
  • To inform the development of a comprehensive model of recognition-induced forgetting.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental design was employed to simultaneously test both episodic and semantic memory tasks.
  • Participants engaged in tasks assessing prior experience with items (episodic) and item properties (semantic).
  • The occurrence of within-category forgetting was measured following each task type.

Main Results:

  • Episodic memory tasks significantly induced within-category forgetting.
  • Semantic memory tasks did not lead to recognition-induced forgetting.
  • This dissociation indicates that episodic memory is the primary driver of this specific forgetting effect.

Conclusions:

  • Recognition-induced forgetting is specifically triggered by episodic memory retrieval.
  • The underlying memory mechanisms for episodic and semantic memory tasks differ in their contribution to this forgetting effect.
  • These findings support a model where the difference-of-Gaussian forgetting function is tied to episodic memory processes.