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Innovations in HIV-1 Vaccine Design
Letitia D Jones1, M Anthony Moody2, Amelia B Thompson2
1Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Clinical Therapeutics
|February 10, 2020
Summary
Advancements in HIV-1 vaccine design, including structure-guided immunogens and mRNA strategies, show promise. Recent preclinical and early clinical findings suggest a safe and effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine may be achievable soon.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Virology
Background:
- The field of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccinology has progressed significantly over 30 years.
- Early strategies involved viral vector gene inserts, evolving to complex regimens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical context of HIV-1 vaccinology.
- To highlight recent scientific discoveries in immunogen design over the past 6 years.
Main Methods:
- A literature search of PubMed and EMBASE databases (2013-2019) for experimental studies on novel HIV immunogen designs.
- Exclusion of non-English publications, letters, commentaries, and conference-only presentations.
- Identification of clinical trials using these strategies via ClinicalTrials.gov.
Main Results:
- Preclinical studies emphasize the interplay between cellular and humoral immune systems.
- New vaccine strategies include native-like envelope trimers, nanoparticles, and mRNA designs.
- Promising strategies have advanced to Phase I human clinical trials.
Conclusions:
- Recent developments in preclinical and early-phase clinical studies indicate progress towards an effective HIV vaccine.
- A tolerable and effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine may be on the horizon.
