Biologically active macromolecules: Extraction strategies, therapeutic potential and biomedical perspective

Area of Science:

• Marine Biology
• Biotechnology
• Pharmacognosy

Background:

• Marine biome is a rich source of high-value bioactive compounds with therapeutic and biomedical applications.
• Conventional extraction methods often face limitations such as low yield, high energy costs, and decreased efficacy.
• There is a growing demand for efficient and standardized strategies to extract these valuable marine-derived compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advanced extraction techniques for marine bioactive compounds.
• To discuss the therapeutic and biomedical potential of these compounds.
• To highlight the need for improved extraction strategies.

Main Methods:

• Focus on enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE).
• Discuss processing workflows and environments for each technique.
• Review literature on therapeutic and biomedical applications of marine-derived compounds.

Main Results:

• EAE, SFE, and MAE offer robust strategies for extracting marine bioactive compounds.
• Marine-derived compounds exhibit significant potential in anticancer, skin curative, cardio-protective, immunomodulatory, and UV-protectant applications.
• These advanced techniques address limitations of conventional methods, improving efficacy and yield.

Conclusions:

• Advanced extraction techniques are crucial for harnessing the therapeutic potential of marine bioactive compounds.
• Further research is needed to overcome current challenges and optimize extraction processes.
• Marine resources represent a promising frontier for novel drug discovery and biomedical applications.