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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Updated: Dec 28, 2025

A Positioning Device for the Placement of Mice During Intranasal siRNA Delivery to the Central Nervous System
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Nose-to-Brain Delivery.

Paolo Giunchedi1, Elisabetta Gavini1, Maria Cristina Bonferoni2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.

Pharmaceutics
|February 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Direct nose-to-brain drug delivery bypasses the blood-brain barrier, offering a promising route for treating neurological diseases. This approach enhances drug bioavailability and reduces systemic side effects.

Keywords:
brain targetingnanocarriersnanoemulsionsnasal routepenetration enhancerstransmucosal delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Drug Delivery
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Neurological diseases often require brain-specific drug therapies.
  • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant obstacle for systemic drug administration.
  • Current systemic drug delivery methods face challenges with bioavailability and side effects.

Discussion:

  • Nose-to-brain delivery offers a direct pathway to the central nervous system, bypassing the BBB.
  • This strategy aims to overcome the limitations of systemic drug administration for neurological treatments.
  • Developing effective nasal formulations is crucial for successful direct brain drug delivery.

Key Insights:

  • Nasal drug delivery provides a non-invasive route for targeting the brain.
  • This method can potentially improve therapeutic efficacy for brain disorders.
  • It minimizes systemic exposure, thereby reducing adverse effects.

Outlook:

  • Further research into advanced nasal formulations is essential.
  • Optimizing nose-to-brain delivery systems can revolutionize neurological disease treatment.
  • Clinical translation of these advanced delivery systems holds significant promise.