Bronchial artery embolization for haemothorax and haemoptysis caused by primary lung cancer

Primary lung cancer (PLC) presents with various symptoms. However, there have been no reports of PLC causing haemothorax and haemoptysis simultaneously. We present an unusual case of massive haemothorax and haemoptysis caused by a PLC, in which haemostasis was secured with interventional radiology. A 58-year-old woman was hospitalized for a right secondary pneumothorax associated with emphysema. Chest computed tomography showed a mass shadow at the right lower lobe and on the right parietal pleura. Three days after air drainage, about 2000 mL of bloody pleural effusion accompanied by massive haemoptysis was observed. Haemoglobin concentration decreased to 4.9 g/dL and the patient was treated with selective embolization of the bronchial artery and the intercostal arteries. A diagnosis of PLC was made based on pleural fluid cytology. The patient was transferred to the palliative care hospital three months later without recurrence of haemothorax and haemoptysis.