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Assessment and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux in The Newborn

Shilpi Chabra, Eric S Peeples

    Pediatric Annals
    |February 12, 2020
    PubMed

    Insights

    Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants is common but difficult to diagnose. While proton pump inhibitors are a common treatment, more research is needed for better diagnosis and management strategies.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Gastroesophageal reflux is a normal infant process, but GERD is a pathologic condition.
    • GERD in infants can lead to poor weight gain, irritability, and dysphagia.
    • Current diagnostic methods for GERD lack a gold standard and do not correlate well with symptoms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of neonatal GERD.
    • To highlight challenges in diagnosis and management.
    • To emphasize the need for further research.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of neonatal GERD.
    • Discussion of diagnostic tools like pH probes and multichannel intraesophageal impedance.
    • Overview of current treatment strategies, including conservative measures and pharmacotherapy.

    Main Results:

    • No definitive diagnostic test for GERD exists.
    • Diagnostic measurements may not align with clinical presentation.
    • Proton pump inhibitors are a primary pharmacotherapy but carry risks, especially in preterm infants.

    Conclusions:

    • Neonatal GERD is challenging to define and manage.
    • Conservative management is often effective.
    • Further studies are required to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment of neonatal GERD.

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