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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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A segregated cortical stream for retinal direction selectivity.

Rune Rasmussen1, Akihiro Matsumoto1, Monica Dahlstrup Sietam1

  • 1Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience-DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.

Nature Communications
|February 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers disrupted retinal direction selectivity in mice to understand how visual motion information is processed. They found a specific pathway from the retina to the rostrolateral (RL) area, highlighting a dedicated cortical stream for retinal motion computation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual processing
  • Sensory systems

Background:

  • Higher visual areas (HVAs) receive processed visual information from retinal circuits.
  • The formation of specialized neuronal representations in HVAs based on retinal output remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how genetically disrupting retinal direction selectivity affects motion-evoked responses in the mouse visual system.
  • To determine the specific cortical processing streams for motion computed in the retina.

Main Methods:

  • Genetically disrupting retinal direction selectivity in mice.
  • Analyzing motion-evoked responses in visual stages from the retina to HVAs.
  • Examining direction-selective (DS) cells in the rostrolateral (RL) area and primary visual cortex.

Main Results:

  • Direction-selective (DS) cells in the rostrolateral (RL) area showed reduced responses upon retinal manipulation.
  • DS cells in the primary visual cortex projecting to RL, but not to the posteromedial area, were similarly affected.
  • Specific connectivity of cortico-cortical projection neurons routes retinal DS cell signals preferentially to RL.

Conclusions:

  • A specific cortical processing stream for motion computed in the retina has been identified.
  • Feedforward signaling from retinal DS cells is preferentially routed to the RL area via specific cortico-cortical connections.