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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

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Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

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The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
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Spermatogenesis01:41

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
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Testosterone abuse in Brazil: a growing public health challenge.

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Care of Patients with Male Hypogonadism: A Joint Position Statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM), the Brazilian Society of Urology (SBU), and the Brazilian Association for Sexual Medicine and Health (ABEMSS).

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Updated: Dec 28, 2025

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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Late-onset hypogonadism: Prostate safety.

Eduardo P Miranda1, Luiz Otávio Torres2

  • 1Division of Urology, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.

Andrology
|February 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Testosterone replacement therapy is generally safe for men with prostate concerns, including a history of prostate cancer. Discuss risks and benefits with your doctor for personalized care.

Keywords:
benign prostatic hyperplasialower urinary tract symptomsprostateprostate cancertestosteronetestosterone deficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Urology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Concerns exist regarding testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and prostate safety due to testosterone's role in prostate tissue.
  • Evidence suggests TRT benefits outweigh prostate disease risks, but this remains a topic of discussion among prescribers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review testosterone's influence on prostate pathophysiology.
  • To discuss TRT's impact on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive PubMed literature review on TRT effects on the prostate and common prostate pathologies.
  • Focus on safety aspects of TRT in relation to prostate health.

Main Results:

  • TRT can improve metabolic syndrome components and reduce prostate inflammation, potentially alleviating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in BPH patients.
  • Studies show TRT has no significant impact or even benefits for BPH/LUTS symptom scores.
  • Numerous studies confirm TRT safety in men with late-onset hypogonadism and a history of prostate cancer, with recent guidelines supporting its use in non-high-risk cases.

Conclusions:

  • TRT can be considered for most men with late-onset hypogonadism, irrespective of prostate disease history.
  • A thorough discussion of TRT risks and benefits is crucial, especially for men with prostate cancer.
  • Appropriate patient monitoring is essential during TRT.