Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

536
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
536
Borderline Personality Disorder01:25

Borderline Personality Disorder

420
Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
Genetic and Environmental Contributions
Borderline Personality...
420
Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic01:20

Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic

356
Schizotypal personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder are two distinct psychological conditions classified under personality disorders, each characterized by unique behavioral patterns and social difficulties. Both disorders significantly affect interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being, leading to social isolation and frustration.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Eccentric Behavior and Social Withdrawal
Schizotypal personality disorder is marked by odd or eccentric...
356
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

493
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
493
Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion01:20

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

1.3K
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
1.3K
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

154
Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
154

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Consensus on Subdomains and Measures of Relevance to Affective and Social Cognition Research on Bipolar Disorder (CAS-BD); Outcomes and Recommendations From an International Society for Bipolar Disorders Targeting Cognition Taskforce Study.

Bipolar disorders·2026
Same author

Mood stabilizers: Insights from users' perceptions.

Journal of affective disorders·2025
Same author

Supercharging collaboration for bipolar research-Breakthrough discoveries for thriving with bipolar disorder (BD<sup>2</sup> ).

Bipolar disorders·2023
Same author

Publisher Correction: Brain charts for the human lifespan.

Nature·2022
Same author

Brain charts for the human lifespan.

Nature·2022
Same author

The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future services planning.

Radiography (London, England : 1995)·2021
Same journal

Consensus by design: Conflict of interest and the intravenous ketamine Delphi guidelines.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same journal

Impaired crying despite preserved emotional experience under antidepressant treatment: An under-recognized clinical phenomenon.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Effects of neuronavigation-guided rTMS on serum BDNF, TrkB and VGF levels in depressive patients with suicidal ideation" [J. Affect. Disord. 323 (2023) 617-623].

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same journal

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation enhances reward-effort efficiency in severe major depressive disorder.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same journal

Age-varying associations between attitudes toward suicide and suicidal ideation in Chinese psychiatric outpatients.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same journal

Aripiprazole once-monthly for patients diagnosed with bipolar I disorder: Number needed to treat, number needed to harm, and likelihood to be helped or harmed.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
13:08

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Published on: December 2, 2015

9.3K

Emotional processing subtypes in bipolar disorder: A cluster analysis.

A Szmulewicz1, C E Millett2, M Shanahan3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|February 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bipolar disorder patients show varied emotional processing, with two distinct subgroups identified: one with intact abilities and another with significant impairments linked to trauma and lower cognitive function. This highlights heterogeneity in bipolar disorder.

Keywords:
Bipolar DisorderCluster analysisCognitionEmotionPsychosocial functioningSchizophreniaTheory of mind

More Related Videos

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content
07:21

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

Published on: June 29, 2016

41.0K
Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

808

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
13:08

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Published on: December 2, 2015

9.3K
The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content
07:21

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

Published on: June 29, 2016

41.0K
Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

808

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Conflicting evidence exists on emotional processing (EP) in Bipolar Disorder (BD), suggesting potential patient heterogeneity.
  • The impact of this heterogeneity on clinical presentation and functional outcomes in BD remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate emotional processing performance in Bipolar Disorder patients.
  • To identify distinct subgroups within the BD population based on EP.
  • To examine the clinical and functional correlates of these subgroups.

Main Methods:

  • 212 Bipolar Disorder patients underwent cognitive and clinical assessments.
  • Hierarchical cluster analysis was used on emotional recognition tasks (ERT, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test) to identify subgroups.
  • Subgroups were compared on clinical factors, premorbid traits, comorbidities, and psychosocial functioning.

Main Results:

  • No overall difference in EP was found between BD patients as a group and healthy controls.
  • Two distinct clusters of BD patients emerged: 71.2% with "intact" EP (similar to controls) and 28.8% with "impaired" EP (worse than controls and schizophrenia patients).
  • The "impaired" EP subgroup exhibited higher rates of childhood trauma, schizotypal traits, lower premorbid IQ and education, and poorer psychosocial and cognitive functioning.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest two distinct subgroups within Bipolar Disorder regarding emotional processing, each with unique clinical and neurodevelopmental profiles.
  • These identified subgroups offer a basis for developing targeted treatments for disabling symptoms in homogeneous patient groups.
  • Further research is needed to understand the directionality of these findings due to the cross-sectional nature of the data.