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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Ankle Joint01:10

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management

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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults
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Staphylococcus aureus native arthritis over 10 years.

I Muñoz-Gallego1, M Mancheño2, D Pérez-Montarelo1

  • 1Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.

Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses
|February 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) significantly increases the risk of treatment failure and death in septic arthritis. Other microbiological factors did not influence outcomes, though MSSA exhibited greater genetic diversity.

Keywords:
Arthrite septique nativeInfections des articulationsJoint infectionsMRSAMolecular epidemiologyNative septic arthritisSARMStaphylococcus aureusÉpidémiologie moléculaire

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Septic arthritis, particularly from Staphylococcus aureus, leads to severe morbidity and mortality.
  • Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of native joint infectious arthritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the microbiological features of Staphylococcus aureus causing native arthritis.
  • To investigate the impact of these features on clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of S. aureus native arthritis cases (2005-2015).
  • Phenotypic analysis included antimicrobial susceptibility, hemolysis, agr functionality, and biofilm formation.
  • Genotypic analysis involved pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and DNA microarrays.
  • Primary endpoint was microbiological treatment failure (relapse, persistence, or death).

Main Results:

  • Seven of 29 patients had methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) arthritis; 19 had methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) arthritis.
  • Treatment failure was higher in MRSA infections (57.1%) compared to MSSA (15.8%).
  • Case fatality was significantly higher in MRSA infections (3/7) versus MSSA (0/19).
  • Clonal complex 5 (CC5) was most frequent (38.1%).
  • MSSA strains showed greater genetic variability than MRSA strains.

Conclusions:

  • Methicillin resistance is a key factor in poor outcomes for S. aureus septic arthritis.
  • No other phenotypic or genotypic factors were associated with adverse outcomes.
  • CC5 was the predominant clonal complex, with MSSA strains displaying higher genetic diversity.