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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Flavonoids are diverse polyphenolic compounds found in plants, fruits, vegetables, and beverages like tea and wine.
  • They are classified into six main groups: isoflavonoids, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, flavones, and anthocyanidins.
  • Dietary intake of flavonoids is significant due to their presence in common foods and drinks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biochemical properties and bioavailability of flavonoids.
  • To elucidate the anticancer activities of flavonoids.
  • To explore the mechanisms of action underlying their anticancer effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of biochemical properties.
  • Analysis of flavonoid bioavailability studies.
  • Examination of research on anticancer mechanisms including ROS modulation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy induction.

Main Results:

  • Flavonoids modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme activities.
  • They exhibit dual action on ROS homeostasis, acting as antioxidants in normal cells and pro-oxidants in cancer cells.
  • Flavonoids induce apoptosis, autophagy, arrest the cell cycle, and suppress cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Flavonoids possess significant anticancer potential through various biochemical pathways.
  • Their ability to selectively target cancer cells via ROS modulation offers a promising therapeutic strategy.
  • Further research into flavonoid bioavailability and mechanisms can enhance their application in cancer prevention and treatment.