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Related Concept Videos

Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

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Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
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Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
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Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

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Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
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Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

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The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
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Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Glycosaminoglycans01:23

Glycosaminoglycans

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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...
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Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions
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Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions

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Innovation potentials triggered by glycoscience research.

Frederic Corolleur1, Aurélie Level1, Mireille Matt2

  • 1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRA, Grenoble INP, GAEL, 38000, Grenoble, France.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|February 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glycoscience leverages carbohydrate properties for innovative industrial applications. This research explores three value chains—regional biomass, glycomics, and non-regional biomass—to drive sustainable, high-value product development.

Keywords:
BioeconomyBiomassCarbohydrate polymersGlycomicsInnovation nichesValue-chains

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Area of Science:

  • Interdisciplinary field of glycoscience.
  • Focus on industrial applications of carbohydrate physicochemical and biological properties.

Background:

  • Carbohydrates possess unique physicochemical and biological properties.
  • These properties are foundational for diverse industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate glycoscience as a driver for innovative and sustainable industrial research.
  • To rationalize carbohydrate properties into distinct value chains for commercial development.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of carbohydrate properties into physicochemical and biological.
  • Development of three main value chains: regional biomass, glycomics, and non-regional biomass.
  • Analysis of niches within each value chain for technological advancement.

Main Results:

  • Regional biomass value chain utilizes physicochemical properties.
  • Glycomics value chain explores biological functions.
  • Non-regional biomass value chain integrates both properties.
  • Identification of emerging niches focused on high value-added products.

Conclusions:

  • Glycoscience offers a framework for developing innovative, high-value carbohydrate-based products.
  • The identified value chains and niches support techno-scientific advancement.
  • This approach can lead to novel functionalities, bioactive glycans, applications, therapies, and diagnostics.