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Proteostasis in thermogenesis and obesity
Alexander Bartelt1,2,3,4, Scott B Widenmaier5
1Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstr. 9, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
Biological Chemistry
|February 16, 2020
Summary
Maintaining protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is vital for cell function. This review explores how obesity disrupts proteostasis in adipocytes and discusses energy-expenditure processes that counteract metabolic dysfunction.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Metabolic Health
- Physiology
Background:
- Cellular proteostasis, encompassing protein production, folding, and degradation, is crucial for all life.
- Evolutionary adaptive programs ensure proteostasis against environmental factors like temperature and pathogens.
- Modern lifestyles, characterized by poor diets and inactivity, challenge human metabolic systems, leading to obesity and disrupted proteostasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the fundamental concepts of proteostasis in the context of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
- To highlight the role of adipocytes as key regulators of energy metabolism.
- To examine how processes promoting energy expenditure impact metabolic health.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of basic proteostasis concepts.
- Analysis of adaptive cellular mechanisms (unfolded protein response, ER-associated protein degradation, autophagy).
- Focus on adipocyte function in energy metabolism and obesity.
Main Results:
- Obesity and excess adipose tissue are linked to metabolic diseases and impaired proteostasis.
- Cellular mechanisms like unfolded protein response, ER-associated protein degradation, and autophagy maintain proteostasis.
- Energy expenditure processes, including thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue, counteract metabolic dysfunction.
Conclusions:
- Adipocytes play a critical role in regulating mammalian energy metabolism.
- Disturbed proteostasis is a hallmark of obesity-linked metabolic diseases.
- Understanding proteostasis in adipocytes offers insights into combating metabolic dysfunction.
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