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Related Concept Videos

Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

357
Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
357
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

448
The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Insomnia in elderly people.

Priyanga Jayakumar1, Anuj Sharma1, Steven Lippmann2

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Texas A&M-Scott & White Medical CenterRound RockTexas.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|February 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study highlights how addressing electrolyte and vitamin deficiencies in an elderly patient with vascular disease improved chronic sleep problems. Prompt intervention is key for better health outcomes in older adults.

Keywords:
Electrolyte abnormalitiesgeriatricsinsomniaphysiological imbalancevitamin deficiencies

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic sleep disturbances are prevalent in the elderly population.
  • Disseminated vascular disease and stroke sequelae can exacerbate sleep issues.
  • Metabolic derangements are common comorbidities in older adults.

Observation:

  • An elderly male patient with a history of stroke presented with worsening chronic sleep problems.
  • Physical examination revealed residual left-sided hemiparesis.
  • Metabolic workup identified significant electrolyte and vitamin deficiencies, alongside elevated parathyroid hormone.

Findings:

  • Correction of identified electrolyte and vitamin deficiencies.
  • Management of underlying metabolic abnormalities.
  • Improvement in the patient's chronic sleep disturbances.

Implications:

  • Timely identification and management of metabolic factors are crucial for improving sleep in elderly patients with vascular disease.
  • Addressing nutritional and hormonal imbalances can enhance overall health, including gait stability and emotional well-being.
  • This case underscores the importance of a comprehensive metabolic assessment in geriatric patients presenting with complex health issues.