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Related Concept Videos

Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

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Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
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Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management01:25

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The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this...
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Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

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DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
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Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
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Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications01:25

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
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Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
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The systemic microcirculation in dialysis populations.

Jennifer Williams1,2, Mark Gilchrist1,2, David Strain1,2

  • 1Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.

Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)
|February 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with chronic kidney disease face high cardiovascular risks. Microvascular dysfunction may be an early indicator of cardiovascular disease in these patients, offering new diagnostic possibilities.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseasedialysisin vivo techniquessystemic microcirculation

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to the general population.
  • Uremia and its treatments contribute to cardiovascular risk beyond traditional factors, with the microcirculation potentially playing an early role.
  • Microvascular dysfunction, evident in systemic vascular beds like the skin, is increasingly linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of systemic microcirculation in dialysis populations.
  • To explore the utility of non-invasive techniques for detecting early cardiovascular disease in CKD patients.
  • To identify challenges and future research directions in studying microcirculation in CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on microcirculation in CKD and dialysis patients.
  • Discussion of non-invasive in vivo techniques for assessing microvascular function.
  • Analysis of experimental evidence linking uremia and dialysis to microvascular dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • The uremic environment and dialysis treatments are associated with pathways causing microvascular dysfunction.
  • Coronary microvascular dysfunction can be reflected in peripheral vascular beds.
  • Increasing evidence supports a correlation between systemic microvascular dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Systemic microcirculatory changes in CKD patients are not fully understood but are crucial for cardiovascular health.
  • Non-invasive techniques show promise for early cardiovascular disease detection in CKD.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in studying this patient cohort and to elucidate the role of microcirculation.