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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy.

Catherine Davis1, Tanya Nippita2,3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia CatherineLouise.Davis@health.nsw.gov.au.

BMJ Case Reports
|February 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy is crucial for reducing risks like fetal growth restriction. Early detection and treatment, even with non-specific symptoms, can improve pregnancy outcomes.

Keywords:
endocrinologypregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy presents diagnostic challenges due to non-specific symptoms and infrequent calcium monitoring.
  • Untreated hyperparathyroidism increases risks of miscarriage and fetal growth restriction.

Observation:

  • A 35-year-old pregnant patient presented with hyperemesis gravidarum, elevated serum calcium, and a parathyroid lesion.
  • She had a history of chronic constipation and nephrolithiasis, with prior elevated calcium levels.
  • The patient developed pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction at 30 weeks gestation.

Findings:

  • Parathyroidectomy rapidly normalized serum calcium levels.
  • Histopathology revealed a parafibromin-deficient parathyroid tumor, indicating hyperparathyroidism jaw tumor syndrome.
  • The infant was delivered at 30 weeks via C-section, weighing 897g.

Implications:

  • Timely diagnosis and surgical intervention for hyperparathyroidism can mitigate adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering hyperparathyroidism in pregnant patients with suggestive symptoms and elevated calcium.
  • Hyperparathyroidism jaw tumor syndrome should be considered in cases of parathyroid tumors during pregnancy.