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Paraventricular nucleus CRH neurons encode stress controllability and regulate defensive behavior selection.

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Stress controllability influences brain activity and behavior. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the hypothalamus encode stress control, impacting defensive strategies in new situations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Perception of control during stress has lasting behavioral effects.
  • The brain mechanisms linking stress experience to subsequent behavior are unclear.
  • Innate defensive behaviors are crucial for survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the brain links prior stressful experiences to subsequent behaviors.
  • To understand the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in encoding stress controllability.
  • To determine how stress controllability influences innate defensive strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed innate defensive behavior using a looming-shadow task in rodents.
  • Measured the activity of CRH neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus.
  • Manipulated the level of outcome control during experimental stress.

Main Results:

  • Anticipatory activity of CRHPVN neurons preceded escape responses.
  • High outcome control stress increased CRHPVN neuron activity and subsequent escape behavior.
  • No outcome control stress abolished anticipatory activity and reduced escape behavior.

Conclusions:

  • CRHPVN neurons encode stress controllability.
  • Stress controllability influences innate defensive strategies, shifting between active and passive responses.
  • Understanding these mechanisms provides insight into the lasting behavioral consequences of stress.