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Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

Testosterone replacement therapy.

Arcangelo Barbonetti¹, Settimio D'Andrea¹, Sandro Francavilla¹

¹Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.

|February 19, 2020

Summary

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) offers benefits for testosterone deficiency but requires careful patient-specific management. Long-term safety, especially in older men with heart failure, needs more research.

Keywords:

androgen deficiency hormonal therapy late-onset hypogonadism testosterone

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Pharmacology
Men's Health

Background:

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) aims to alleviate symptoms of testosterone deficiency, such as low libido and muscle mass loss.
Over 70 years, various TRT formulations (buccal, nasal, subdermal, transdermal, intramuscular) have been developed to optimize pharmacokinetics and patient adherence.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and compare available testosterone preparations based on their pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects.
To analyze current guidelines on TRT contraindications and monitoring, highlighting advantages and disadvantages of different delivery methods.

Main Methods:

Extensive PubMed literature review on TRT in clinical practice.
Comparative analysis of TRT guidelines from the past five years.
Evaluation of TRT's benefits, risks, and monitoring strategies.

Main Results:

TRT provides significant patient benefits but guideline recommendations often rely on limited randomized controlled trials.
Long-term safety data for TRT, particularly in late-onset hypogonadism (LOH), is scarce.
Evidence on TRT's impact on heart failure progression is lacking, necessitating caution in elderly men with cardiac conditions.

Conclusions:

Individualized patient assessment is crucial for safe and effective LOH management.
A cautious approach to TRT is advised for older men with a history of heart failure due to insufficient safety data.