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A Study Design for Augmenting the Control Group in a Randomized Controlled Trial: A Quality Process for Interaction
Yunling Xu1, Nelson Lu2, Lilly Yue2
1Division of Biostatistics, OSB/CDRH, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO66, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA. Yun-ling.xu@fda.hhs.gov.
Augmenting randomized controlled trial control groups with external data can save time and cost. A new quality process ensures study validity and integrity when using historical or registry data.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Trials
- Biostatistics
- Data Science
Background:
- Increasing demand for external data (historical, registry) to augment randomized controlled trial (RCT) control groups.
- Potential benefits include reduced trial time and cost.
- Maintaining study validity and integrity is a key statistical challenge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss a study design quality process for enhancing validity and integrity when using external data to augment RCT control groups.
- To emphasize stakeholder interaction within a 2-stage confirmatory study design.
- To provide a practical example of the quality process.
Main Methods:
- A 2-stage design tailored for confirmatory studies.
- Emphasis on the interaction process among stakeholders.
- A 2-step assessment of patient characteristic similarity between current study and external data, and between treatment and augmented control groups.
Main Results:
- The proposed quality process enhances the validity and integrity of RCTs augmented with external data.
- The 2-step assessment provides a framework for evaluating data similarity.
- Stakeholder interaction is crucial for successful implementation.
Conclusions:
- A structured quality process is essential for the valid and integral use of external data in RCTs.
- The discussed 2-stage design and assessment methods offer a practical approach.
- This methodology supports efficient and reliable clinical trial augmentation.
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