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Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

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The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

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The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
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The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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The orbitofrontal cortex functionally links obesity and white matter hyperintensities.

Bo-Yong Park1, Kyoungseob Byeon2,3, Mi Ji Lee4

  • 1McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada.

Scientific Reports
|February 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) impact brain connectivity. The orbitofrontal cortex shows altered functional connectivity when both obesity and WMH burden are high, linking these conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cognitive control brain regions are linked to obesity and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs).
  • Understanding the interplay between obesity, WMHs, and brain function is crucial for neurological health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how functional brain connectivity is associated with WMH burden and obesity.
  • To explore the interaction between WMH burden and obesity in relation to brain functional connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in 182 participants.
  • Participants were categorized into four groups based on WMH burden and obesity levels.
  • Functional connectivity was analyzed at network and node levels, focusing on the frontoparietal network and orbitofrontal cortex.

Main Results:

  • The frontoparietal network showed a main effect related to the degree of obesity.
  • The orbitofrontal cortex exhibited interaction effects between periventricular WMH burden and obesity.
  • Increased functional connectivity in the orbitofrontal cortex was observed in individuals with high WMH burden and high obesity.

Conclusions:

  • Orbitofrontal cortex functional connectivity is modulated by the combined effects of periventricular WMHs and obesity.
  • The orbitofrontal cortex may serve as a key region linking obesity and WMHs through functional connectivity alterations.