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Zoonotic Diseases from Horses: A Systematic Review
Alexandra Sack1,2, Fatai S Oladunni3,4, Battsetseg Gonchigoo5
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)
|February 21, 2020
Summary
Horses can transmit 56 zoonotic pathogens to humans globally through various exposure routes. Increased awareness of these equine diseases is crucial for public health and medical professionals to prevent underreporting and potential severe outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Public Health
- Zoonotic Diseases
Background:
- Horses are integral to human societies worldwide, involved in recreation, food, and labor.
- Despite advancements, the risk of zoonotic pathogen transmission from horses to humans persists globally.
- A comprehensive systematic review of equine zoonoses has not been previously conducted.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and summarize existing literature on potential equine zoonoses.
- To identify risk factors associated with disease transmission from horses to humans.
- To raise awareness of equine zoonotic pathogens and their public health implications.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Inclusion of 233 English-language reports on potential equine zoonoses.
- Analysis and summarization of identified pathogens and transmission risks.
Main Results:
- 56 distinct zoonotic pathogens identified in horses across 233 reports.
- Direct human transmission documented in 5.6% of cases, via oral, inhalation, or cutaneous routes.
- Emerging infectious diseases accounted for 16.1%, with potential for severe human and equine outcomes.
Conclusions:
- While direct transmission cases are low, underreporting is likely due to limited professional awareness.
- Understanding equine zoonotic pathogens, their clinical signs, and transmission is vital for prevention.
- Public health officials, clinicians, and those with equine contact need to be informed about these risks.
