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MAJOR LIVESTOCK-ASSOCIATED ZOONOSES IN MONGOLIA: AN OVERVIEW.

Oyu Tsogtbayar1,2,3, Bolor Munkhbayarlakh1,2, Namuun Dorjsurenkhor1,2

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Mongolia's extensive grasslands and traditional livestock herding practices foster close human-animal interactions, increasing zoonotic disease risks.
  • A large livestock population (over 64 million) and cultural practices like consuming raw animal products amplify the transmission of pathogens such as brucellosis, tuberculosis, anthrax, and rabies.
  • Climate change, limited veterinary services, and nomadic lifestyles further exacerbate the challenges of controlling livestock-associated zoonotic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the risks associated with zoonotic pathogen emergence and transmission in Mongolia.
  • To evaluate existing control strategies for major livestock-associated zoonoses.
  • To identify critical gaps in disease management, surveillance, and public education.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Mongolia's socio-economic and geographical factors influencing zoonotic disease risk.
  • Analysis of major livestock-associated zoonotic diseases and their impact.
  • Assessment of current zoonotic pathogen control strategies and their limitations.

Main Results:

  • Close human-animal contact in Mongolia significantly elevates the risk of novel zoonotic pathogen emergence and spread.
  • Brucellosis, tuberculosis, anthrax, and rabies are major zoonotic threats impacting human, animal, and economic health.
  • Existing control measures show gaps in comprehensive disease management, surveillance, and public awareness.

Conclusions:

  • Strengthening infrastructure and implementing a One Health approach are essential for mitigating zoonotic risks in Mongolia.
  • Enhanced surveillance, disease management, and public education are crucial for protecting both human and animal populations.
  • Addressing traditional practices and environmental challenges is vital for effective zoonotic disease control.