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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Assessment of the Mouth01:26

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
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Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Assessment of Nerve Injury-Induced Mechanical Hypersensitivity in Rats Using an Orofacial Operant Pain Assay
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Occlusal dysesthesia-A clinical guideline.

Bruno Imhoff1, M Oliver Ahlers2, Alfons Hugger3

  • 1Private Practice, Cologne, Germany.

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
|February 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Occlusal dysesthesia (OD) is a challenging condition. It stems from maladaptive signal processing, not occlusion, requiring patient education and therapy over dental interventions.

Keywords:
facial painmalocclusionoral health-related quality of lifephantom bite syndromesomatic symptom disorderstemporomandibular disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Science
  • Neurology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Occlusal dysesthesia (OD) presents significant diagnostic and management challenges for dental professionals and patients.
  • Understanding the complexities of OD is crucial for effective patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish an expert consensus on occlusal dysesthesia (OD) through a comprehensive literature review.
  • To enhance the understanding and facilitate the identification and management of patients with OD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic electronic literature searches were conducted in major databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar).
  • Reference lists of identified articles were assessed, and content was evaluated and discussed by experts.
  • Articles were weighted by evidence level to form an expert consensus.

Main Results:

  • A summary of current knowledge on OD's clinical characteristics, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and management was compiled from 77 articles.
  • Key findings address the diagnostic process and differential diagnosis of OD.

Conclusions:

  • Occlusal dysesthesia (OD) is a sensory processing disorder, not directly related to occlusal status.
  • Management should prioritize patient education, counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy, and supportive treatments, avoiding irreversible dental procedures.