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Updated: Dec 28, 2025

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

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Spinal kyphotic alignment changes spinal movement strategy during lateral reaching motion while in a sitting

Taiki Morikawa¹, Hiroshi Katoh²

¹Department of Rehabilitation, Eniwa Hospital: 2-1-1 Koganechuo, Eniwa city, Hokkaido 061-1449, Japan.

Journal of Physical Therapy Science

|February 22, 2020

Summary

Spinal alignment changes during seated lateral reaching, using a trunk flexion brace, significantly reduce spinal movement and alter movement strategies. This impacts how the spine moves during reaching tasks.

Keywords:

Kinematics Lateral reaching Three-dimensional analysis

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Kinesiology
Spinal Motion Analysis

Background:

Understanding seated spinal kinematics is crucial for ergonomics and injury prevention.
Lateral reaching while seated involves complex spinal movements.
The effect of altered spinal posture on reaching kinematics is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate spine kinematics during normal sitting versus flexion sitting with lateral reaching.
To analyze changes in spinal angles (T1, T4, T8, L1, L5) during these tasks.
To compare movement strategies under different seated conditions.

Main Methods:

Utilized a three-dimensional motion analysis system to capture spine kinematics.
Nineteen healthy young adult males performed seated lateral reaching tasks.
Spine angles were calculated using Euler angles, with and without a trunk flexion brace.

Main Results:

Flexion sitting significantly reduced the T8 segment angle in the frontal plane compared to normal sitting.
Significant differences in spinal movement were observed in the axial plane for T4, L1, and L5 segments during flexion sitting.
Altered spinal alignment demonstrably affected spinal motion.

Conclusions:

Changes in spinal alignment, induced by a trunk flexion brace, decrease overall spinal movement during seated lateral reaching.
Altered spinal posture necessitates a different movement strategy for effective lateral reaching.
Findings highlight the impact of postural modifications on spinal biomechanics during functional tasks.