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In vitro gastrointestinal absorption of red wine anthocyanins - Impact of structural complexity and phase II
Fuliang Han1, Hélder Oliveira2, Natércia F Brás3
1College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
Abstract:
Malvidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, malvidin-3-O-(6-O-coumaroyl)-glucoside-5-O-glucoside from Chinese Vitis davidii red wine were used to investigate the role of glucoside, diglucoside and coumaroylated glucoside moieties on their transport efficiency through MKN-28 gastric and Caco-2 intestinal cells. Due to the already described conversion of 3-O-glucosylated anthocyanins into 3-O-glucuronidated, the 3-O-glucuronidated metabolite of malvidin-3-O-glucoside was also tested. The antiproliferative activity was higher for the glucuronidated metabolite in both cell lines. All anthocyanins were transported through MKN-28 gastric cells and Caco-2 intestinal cells with transport efficiencies ranging from 4% to 9% in MKN-28 and from 3% to 5% in Caco-2. No significant differences on transport efficiencies were observed at 180 min among the different anthocyanins in MKN-28. The transport efficiency of malvidin-3-O-glucuronide at 180 min was about 3-4% in Caco-2 and MKN-28 cells. Computational studies were performed to evaluate the interaction between anthocyanins and glucose gastric transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3, which supported the experimental findings.
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