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3D printed scaffolds with random microarchitecture for bone tissue engineering applications: Manufacturing and

Raffaella Pecci1, Silvia Baiguera2, Pietro Ioppolo1

  • 1National Centre of Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|February 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel method for 3D printing tissue engineering scaffolds with random microarchitectures, mimicking natural tissue more effectively. These random scaffolds offer improved potential for bone tissue regeneration compared to ordered designs.

Keywords:
3D printingBone scaffoldsMechanical testingMicro-CT analysisRandom microarchitecture

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Current 3D printed scaffolds in tissue engineering often feature ordered microarchitectures.
  • This ordered structure fails to replicate the complex, non-uniform morphology of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM).
  • Mimicking the natural ECM is crucial for effective therapeutic outcomes in tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a design methodology for fabricating 3D printed scaffolds with random microarchitectures.
  • To overcome the limitation of ordered structures in current tissue engineering scaffolds.
  • To provide a potential approach for bone tissue applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized additive manufacturing, specifically fused deposition modeling, to fabricate polylactic acid scaffolds.
  • Designed four models with varying degrees of random pore distribution (400, 500, 600 μm, and 400-600 μm range).
  • Conducted detailed morphological and quantitative analysis using microcomputed tomography and mechanical evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated 3D printed scaffolds exhibiting random microarchitectures.
  • The study provides both morphological and quantitative data on the fabricated scaffolds.
  • The methodology allows for repeatable production of random microarchitectures.

Conclusions:

  • Additive manufacturing can produce scaffolds with controllable random microarchitectures.
  • Random microarchitecture scaffolds show promise for bone tissue engineering applications.
  • This approach offers a more biomimetic alternative to traditional ordered scaffolds.