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The Effects of Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality as Training Enhancement Methods: A

Alexandra D Kaplan1, Jessica Cruit1, Mica Endsley2

  • 16243 University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.

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|February 25, 2020
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Summary

Extended reality (XR) training, including virtual (VR), augmented (AR), and mixed reality (MR), is as effective as traditional methods for enhancing performance. XR offers unique advantages for training in dangerous or costly situations.

Keywords:
immersive environmentsmeta-analysistransfer of trainingvirtual environments

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Technology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Simulation-Based Training

Background:

  • Extended reality (XR) technologies, encompassing virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), are increasingly adopted as training tools across diverse sectors.
  • Despite widespread application, the quantitative efficacy of XR-based training compared to traditional methods remains a subject of ongoing debate.
  • While XR training can offer benefits such as time and cost savings, its effectiveness requires rigorous empirical validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis of empirical findings on transfer of training from virtual (VR), augmented (AR), and mixed reality (MR).
  • To quantitatively determine if extended reality (XR)-based training is as effective as traditional training methodologies.
  • To explore the influence of XR-specific, trainee-specific, and task-specific factors on post-training performance.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature on transfer of training from MR, VR, and AR.
  • Inclusion of all qualifying articles investigating XR-based training and performance outcomes.
  • Calculation of effect sizes to assess the impact of various factors on training effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • Meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in training outcomes between XR-based training and traditional, non-simulated control environments.
  • XR training demonstrates equal effectiveness in enhancing trainee performance compared to conventional training approaches.
  • Identified factors related to XR, trainees, and tasks influence performance measures post-training.

Conclusions:

  • Extended reality (XR) training is a validated and effective mechanism, comparable to established training methods across multiple disciplines.
  • The primary value of XR lies in its capability to facilitate training in scenarios where traditional methods are impractical or impossible due to safety concerns or prohibitive costs.
  • XR technologies provide a viable alternative for skill acquisition and performance enhancement in challenging operational contexts.