Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Measuring the Shape and Size of Activated Sludge Particles Immobilized in Agar with an Open Source Software Pipeline
Published on: January 30, 2019
The Influence of COD Fraction Forms and Molecules Size on Hydrolysis Process Developed by Comparative OUR Studies in
Jakub Drewnowski1, Bartosz Szeląg2, Li Xie3
1Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
Abstract:
The activated sludge models (ASMs) commonly used by the International Water Association (IWA) task group are based on chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionations. However, the proper evaluation of COD fractions, which is crucial for modelling and especially oxygen uptake rate (OUR) predictions, is still under debate. The biodegradation of particulate COD is initiated by the hydrolysis process, which is an integral part of an ASM. This concept has remained in use for over 30 years. The aim of this study was to verify an alternative, more complex, modified (Activated Sludge Model No 2d) ASM2d for modelling the OUR variations and novel procedure for the estimation of a particulate COD fraction through the implementation of the GPS-X software (Hydromantis Environmental Software Solutions, Inc., Hamilton, ON, Canada) in advanced computer simulations. In comparison to the original ASM2d, the modified model more accurately predicted the OUR behavior of real settled wastewater (SWW) samples and SWW after coagulation-flocculation (C-F). The mean absolute relative deviations (MARDs) in OUR were 11.3-29.5% and 18.9-45.8% (original ASM2d) vs. 9.7-15.8% and 11.8-30.3% (modified ASM2d) for the SWW and the C-F samples, respectively. Moreover, the impact of the COD fraction forms and molecules size on the hydrolysis process rate was developed by integrated OUR batch tests in activated sludge modelling.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model
Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient
The activity coefficient value for an ion is close to one when the solution has almost zero ionic strength, i.e., when the solution shows close to ideal behavior. As the ionic strength of the solution increases from 0 to 0.1 mol/L, a...

