Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

14.2K
Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
14.2K
Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

171.5K
Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
171.5K
Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

1.5K
Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal...
1.5K
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

3.2K
The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
3.2K
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

15.3K
Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
15.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sensor fusion of touch & vision in soft manipulators for fruit picking.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The codevelopment of soft robotics and assistive technology.

Science robotics·2026
Same author

Explosion-powered eversible tactile displays.

Science robotics·2025
Same author

In situ foliar augmentation of multiple species for optical phenotyping and bioengineering using soft robotics.

Science robotics·2025
Same author

Soft, Modular Power for Composing Robots with Embodied Energy.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025
Same author

The multifunctional use of an aqueous battery for a high capacity jellyfish robot.

Science advances·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays
18:11

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

Published on: October 1, 2007

21.6K

Underactuated fluidic control of a continuous multistable membrane.

Ofek Peretz1, Anand K Mishra2, Robert F Shepherd2

  • 1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; ofekperetz@campus.technion.ac.il.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers demonstrate controlling multistable structures using fluid actuation. By managing fluid pressure, they can generate complex patterns in slender membranes, enabling precise shape control.

Keywords:
bistabilitymultistabilitysoft actuatorssoft roboticsviscous flow

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Integrating Computational and Experimental Approaches in Precision Oncology
07:03

Author Spotlight: Integrating Computational and Experimental Approaches in Precision Oncology

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.4K
A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression
11:23

A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression

Published on: October 6, 2019

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays
18:11

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

Published on: October 1, 2007

21.6K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Computational and Experimental Approaches in Precision Oncology
07:03

Author Spotlight: Integrating Computational and Experimental Approaches in Precision Oncology

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.4K
A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression
11:23

A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression

Published on: October 6, 2019

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Mechanics of Materials
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Soft Robotics

Background:

  • Continuous multistable structures offer unique shape-changing capabilities.
  • Underactuation presents challenges in precisely controlling these structures.
  • Viscous fluid actuation is a promising method for dynamic shape control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenge of underactuated pattern generation in continuous multistable structures.
  • To demonstrate precise control over the shape and pattern formation of a slender membrane.
  • To explore novel actuation methods for complex structural transformations.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating a slender membrane capable of sustaining two distinct equilibrium states.
  • Utilizing viscous fluid flow to actuate and control the membrane's configuration.
  • Sequencing the motion of transition regions by precisely controlling inlet fluid pressure.
  • Leveraging non-uniform membrane properties and fluid dynamics for targeted shape changes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the formation and controlled motion of single transition regions within the membrane.
  • Successfully sequenced multiple transition regions to achieve arbitrary patterns.
  • Showcased the ability to induce localized snapping through specific membrane segments.
  • Established a direct correlation between fluid pressure and pattern generation.

Conclusions:

  • Fluid actuation offers a viable method for precise pattern generation in underactuated multistable structures.
  • Controlling fluid dynamics and material properties enables complex, programmable shape transformations.
  • This research opens possibilities for advanced applications in soft robotics and adaptive materials.