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Related Concept Videos

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods01:26

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Predicting Treatment Response to Image-Guided Therapies Using Machine Learning: An Example for Trans-Arterial Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Treatment response and disease progression.

Nick Holford1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
|February 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This tutorial explains disease progression in clinical pharmacology, differentiating between symptomatic and disease-modifying drug effects. Understanding these concepts is key to evaluating drug responses over time.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Disease Natural History

Background:

  • Disease progression encompasses the natural course of a condition, including symptoms and biomarkers.
  • Clinical pharmacology examines how drug actions alter disease status over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define disease progression within clinical pharmacology.
  • To differentiate between symptomatic and disease-modifying drug response patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual review of disease progression and drug response.
  • Classification of drug effects based on time-course patterns.

Main Results:

  • Two primary drug response patterns identified: symptomatic and disease-modifying.
Keywords:
Disease progressionDisease-modifyingDrug actionSymptomatic

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  • Symptomatic effects alter the disease trajectory, while disease-modifying effects change its rate.

    • Conclusions:

    • Drug actions can manifest as symptomatic relief or alter the fundamental progression of a disease.
    • Distinguishing these effects is crucial for accurate clinical pharmacology interpretation.