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Indoor versus Outdoor Air Quality during Wildfires.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Wildfire smoke recommendations often focus on particulate matter, potentially overlooking gas-phase pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
  • Increased time spent indoors raises concerns about indoor air quality during wildfire events.
  • Existing research often lacks paired indoor-outdoor measurements for gas-phase pollutants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate paired indoor and outdoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in residential settings during wildfire events.
  • To investigate the relationship between indoor/outdoor PAH levels and satellite-derived wildfire smoke intensity.
  • To inform public health recommendations by assessing the role of gas-phase pollutants in wildfire exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Deployment of low-density polyethylene passive air samplers for 24-hour resolution indoor and outdoor measurements at six urban sites in Eugene, Oregon.
  • Quantitative analysis of 63 PAH compounds using gas-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
  • Application of probabilistic principal components analysis to aggregate PAH data and linear regression to assess relationships with indoor/outdoor levels and wildfire smoke intensity.

Main Results:

  • Indoor gas-phase PAH concentrations were consistently equal to or greater than outdoor concentrations.
  • Outdoor, but not indoor, gas-phase PAH concentrations showed a likely association with satellite-identified wildfire events.
  • A significant portion of PAHs measured were gas-phase, indicating their potential contribution to overall exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Gas-phase pollutants, specifically PAHs, are a critical component of indoor air quality during wildfire events.
  • Current wildfire smoke risk assessments may be incomplete by not fully considering gas-phase pollutants.
  • Future public health strategies should incorporate monitoring and mitigation of indoor gas-phase PAHs during wildfires.