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Thoracic influence on upper airway patency.

W B Van de Graaff1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois 60153.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|November 1, 1988
PubMed
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Thoracic traction significantly improves upper airway (UA) patency, reducing airway resistance during breathing. This effect persists even without UA muscle activity, highlighting the thorax's crucial role in maintaining open airways.

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory physiology
  • Anatomy and biomechanics

Background:

  • Upper airway (UA) patency is vital for respiration.
  • Cervical muscles are traditionally thought to maintain UA patency through caudal traction.
  • The thorax also exerts caudal traction on the UA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of thoracic traction in maintaining upper airway (UA) patency.
  • To determine if thoracic forces improve UA patency independently of UA muscle activity.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements of upper airway resistance (RUA) in anesthetized dogs breathing through tracheostomy tubes.
  • Assessment of RUA during spontaneous and paced breathing (diaphragmatic stimulation).
  • Evaluation of RUA after denervation of UA muscles and severing of cervical structures.

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Main Results:

  • Inspiratory RUA decreased by 31% with normal breathing.
  • RUA decreased by 51% during paced breathing without UA muscle activity.
  • RUA still decreased by 25% in spontaneously breathing dogs with denervated UA muscles.
  • Severing cervical structures increased RUA and abolished respiratory fluctuations.

Conclusions:

  • Thoracic forces, both tonic and phasic, significantly contribute to improving upper airway (UA) patency.
  • Inspiratory increases in UA patency are not solely due to the activity of UA muscles.
  • The thorax plays a critical, often overlooked, role in maintaining airway openness.