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Potential for strength and endurance training to amplify endurance performance
R C Hickson1, B A Dvorak, E M Gorostiaga
1Department of Physical Education, University of Illinois, Chicago 60680.
Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|November 1, 1988
Summary
Adding heavy-resistance training to endurance exercise boosts leg strength and improves short-term endurance without negatively impacting maximal oxygen uptake. This strength training supplementation enhances specific endurance performances, especially those involving fast-twitch muscle fibers.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Muscle Physiology
Background:
- Endurance athletes often seek methods to enhance performance.
- The combined effects of strength and endurance training are complex.
- Optimal training regimens for athletes require careful consideration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of adding heavy-resistance training to established endurance training.
- To assess changes in leg muscle strength, muscle fiber characteristics, and endurance performance.
- To determine if combined training negatively affects maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).
Main Methods:
- Eight trained cyclists and runners underwent 10 weeks of strength training (3 days/week) while maintaining their endurance training.
- Measurements included leg strength, thigh girth, vastus lateralis muscle fiber size and enzyme activity, and VO2max.
- Endurance performance was assessed through short-term tests and long-term time-to-exhaustion trials.
Main Results:
- Leg strength increased by an average of 30% with no changes in thigh girth or muscle fiber areas.
- Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) remained unchanged during cycling and running.
- Short-term endurance improved by 11-13%, and long-term cycling endurance increased significantly.
Conclusions:
- Adding heavy-resistance training to endurance regimens does not impair performance.
- Strength training can enhance specific types of endurance performance, particularly those reliant on fast-twitch muscle fibers.
- Combined training may offer benefits for athletes seeking to improve overall athletic capacity.