Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

479
DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
479
Disorder of Water Balance01:29

Disorder of Water Balance

2.3K
Water balance disorders are medical conditions that occur when there is a deviation from the body's water volume or osmolarity, disrupting normal homeostasis and leading todehydration, hypotonic hydration, hyperhydration, edema, or water intoxication.
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids (particularly water).
Causes:
The major causes of dehydration include excessive sweating, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and diuresis.
Signs and Symptoms:
Symptoms primarily include intense...
2.3K
Regulation of Water Intake01:25

Regulation of Water Intake

2.5K
Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
2.5K
Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

2.1K
Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
2.1K
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

311
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
311
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

416
Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
416

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Validated Early Detection Metrics Reduce the Population Requiring Liver Fibrosis Screening.

Gastroenterology·2026
Same author

Human vaccine responses regulated by parallel cytokine pathways.

Nature immunology·2026
Same author

Diagnostic innovation and models of care to improve fibrosis detection and risk stratification in steatotic liver disease.

The Lancet regional health. Europe·2026
Same author

Aging restricts maturation of CXCL13<sup>+</sup> T follicular helper cells in human immunity.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Liver stiffness dynamics in European populations (LiverScreen): a longitudinal, multicentre, prospective, population-based cohort study.

The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology·2026
Same author

Implementing sustainable liver health in Europe: a second EASL-Lancet Commission.

Lancet (London, England)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Laparoscopic Left Hemihepatectomy Combined with Caudate Lobe Resection
07:22

Laparoscopic Left Hemihepatectomy Combined with Caudate Lobe Resection

Published on: April 11, 2025

622

Hypervolemic Hyponatremia (Liver).

Elsa Solà, Pere Ginès

    Frontiers of Hormone Research
    |February 26, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hypervolemic hyponatremia in advanced cirrhosis, often caused by vasopressin (AVP) over-secretion, is common. Tolvaptan shows potential but requires more research due to scarce efficacy data and liver injury concerns.

    More Related Videos

    Technique of Subnormothermic Ex Vivo Liver Perfusion for the Storage, Assessment, and Repair of Marginal Liver Grafts
    09:29

    Technique of Subnormothermic Ex Vivo Liver Perfusion for the Storage, Assessment, and Repair of Marginal Liver Grafts

    Published on: August 13, 2014

    15.5K
    New Thrombectomy Technique for Total Portal Vein Thrombosis in Liver Transplantation
    08:45

    New Thrombectomy Technique for Total Portal Vein Thrombosis in Liver Transplantation

    Published on: June 27, 2025

    1.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

    Laparoscopic Left Hemihepatectomy Combined with Caudate Lobe Resection
    07:22

    Laparoscopic Left Hemihepatectomy Combined with Caudate Lobe Resection

    Published on: April 11, 2025

    622
    Technique of Subnormothermic Ex Vivo Liver Perfusion for the Storage, Assessment, and Repair of Marginal Liver Grafts
    09:29

    Technique of Subnormothermic Ex Vivo Liver Perfusion for the Storage, Assessment, and Repair of Marginal Liver Grafts

    Published on: August 13, 2014

    15.5K
    New Thrombectomy Technique for Total Portal Vein Thrombosis in Liver Transplantation
    08:45

    New Thrombectomy Technique for Total Portal Vein Thrombosis in Liver Transplantation

    Published on: June 27, 2025

    1.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Nephrology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Hyponatremia is a common complication in advanced cirrhosis.
    • Hypervolemic hyponatremia, resulting from impaired free water excretion due to vasopressin (AVP) hypersecretion, is the most frequent type.
    • This condition is linked to higher morbidity, mortality, and post-transplant complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding and management of hypervolemic hyponatremia in cirrhosis.
    • To evaluate the potential role of vasopressin V2-receptor antagonists, such as tolvaptan, in managing this condition.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review focusing on the pathophysiology of hyponatremia in cirrhosis.
    • Analysis of studies investigating the efficacy and safety of vaptans in cirrhotic patients.

    Main Results:

    • Fluid restriction is the current standard management for hypervolemic hyponatremia in cirrhosis.
    • Tolvaptan has been explored as a pharmacological option, but data on its efficacy in cirrhosis is limited.
    • Concerns exist regarding the potential for tolvaptan to induce liver injury at higher doses.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypervolemic hyponatremia in cirrhosis is a complex condition driven by vasopressin dysregulation.
    • While tolvaptan offers a potential therapeutic avenue, further research is crucial to establish its efficacy and safety profile in this patient population.
    • Careful consideration of potential risks, including hepatotoxicity, is necessary when evaluating vaptan therapy for cirrhotic patients.