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Related Concept Videos

CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents01:22

CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents

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Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
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Hallucinogens and Psychedelics01:27

Hallucinogens and Psychedelics

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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
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Psychotherapy01:28

Psychotherapy

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Psychotherapy is a versatile, nonmedical approach aimed at helping individuals address emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal issues to enhance their overall well-being. It can involve one-on-one sessions, couples counseling, or small group discussions with a therapist. The therapeutic process includes various techniques such as open discussion, interpretation of thoughts and behaviors, active listening, positive reinforcement, and role modeling. Psychotherapy aims to support individuals in...
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Altered States of Awareness01:06

Altered States of Awareness

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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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Psychodynamic Therapy01:29

Psychodynamic Therapy

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Psychodynamic therapies emphasize the exploration of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as fundamental contributors to psychological difficulties. These therapies, deeply rooted in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, aim to uncover and resolve unconscious conflicts, granting individuals insights that promote emotional and behavioral healing. Contemporary psychodynamic approaches have evolved, integrating a broader range of influences and methodologies while still valuing the...
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Group therapy is a sociocultural approach to psychological treatment, where individuals with shared psychological challenges come together under the guidance of a mental health professional. This therapeutic modality offers unique opportunities for individuals to connect, share, and grow within the context of a supportive group. By fostering mutual understanding and collaboration, group therapy can address a range of psychological concerns effectively, often complementing or surpassing the...
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Psychedelics and Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy.

Collin M Reiff1, Elon E Richman1, Charles B Nemeroff1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York (Reiff); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Richman, McDonald); Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School and the Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin (Nemeroff); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital, Brown University, Providence, R.I. (Carpenter); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Widge); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Rodriguez); Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison (Kalin).

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|February 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Psychedelic drugs like MDMA and psilocybin show promise for treating PTSD and depression. While research on LSD and ayahuasca is preliminary, further studies are needed for FDA approval in psychiatric disorders.

Keywords:
AyahuascaDrug-Psychotherapy CombinationLysergic Acid DiethylamideMDMAPsilocybinPsychedelics

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Growing interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelic compounds for psychiatric disorders.
  • Need for an evidence-based summary of current clinical applications and research findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a literature-based summary of the clinical efficacy of psychedelic drugs in psychiatric disorders.
  • To review well-designed clinical trials investigating psychedelic-assisted therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed and PsycINFO (2007-2019) for psychedelic compounds (psilocybin, LSD, ayahuasca, MDMA).
  • Screening of 1,603 articles, filtering for clinical trials, therapy, or imaging studies.
  • In-depth review of 14 selected articles on psychedelic efficacy in mood, anxiety, trauma, and substance-related disorders.

Main Results:

  • Significant data supports MDMA for PTSD and psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression, both designated as FDA 'breakthrough therapies'.
  • Observational research suggests potential therapeutic effects of LSD and ayahuasca for specific psychiatric conditions.
  • Current evidence is insufficient for broad FDA approval, necessitating further research.

Conclusions:

  • Randomized trials confirm MDMA's efficacy for PTSD and psilocybin's efficacy for depression and cancer-related anxiety.
  • Preliminary evidence for LSD and ayahuasca indicates promising therapeutic potential in psychiatric treatment.
  • Continued research into the efficacy of psychedelics for psychiatric disorders is warranted for potential clinical use.