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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

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Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

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Published on: June 21, 2017

Metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.

Mohammad Ziaur Rahman¹, Md Golam Kibria, Charles Buddie Mullins

¹John J. Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1589, USA.

Chemical Society Reviews

|February 27, 2020

Summary

This review explores metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen production, detailing progress and challenges in elemental, binary, and organic materials. It outlines strategies for high efficiency and scalability, addressing reproducibility issues for practical applications.

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Photocatalysis
Renewable Energy

Background:

Metal-free photocatalysts are crucial for sustainable hydrogen production.
Current research focuses on elemental, binary, ternary, and organic materials.
Challenges remain in achieving high efficiency and reproducibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the latest advancements in metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen production.
To identify strategies for enhancing quantum and solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency.
To address challenges in reproducibility and scalability for industrial application.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of metal-free photocatalysts.
Analysis of elemental, binary, ternary, and organic photocatalyst systems.
Discussion of strategies for improving photocatalytic performance and scalability.

Main Results:

Significant progress has been made in various metal-free photocatalyst systems.
Key strategies for improving quantum efficiency and STH conversion are identified.
Reproducibility issues and reporting discrepancies in hydrogen evolution rates are highlighted.

Conclusions:

Metal-free photocatalysts show great promise for efficient hydrogen production.
Further research is needed in fundamental material aspects and scalability.
Addressing reproducibility and establishing standardized reporting are critical for large-scale adoption.